A Brief Note On Helicobacter Pylori - 1355 Words

HELICOBACTER PYLORI Helicobacter pylori have been implicated in cases of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer diseases( includes duodenal and gastric ulcers). Even though these diseases were linked to stress factors, in 1983, Australian microbiologists Warren and Marshall proved that gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases were infectious diseases caused by a bacterium (1). This bacterium has also been linked to gastric carcinoma and Mucosa associated lymphocyte (MALT) lymphoma (2) This organism was formerly classified under the genus Campylobacter because scientists found a campylobacter-like bacterium in the gastric mucus of patients with chronic gastritis. It was thus formerly called Campylobacter pylori, however, further study of the organism at genetic level by analyzing a sequence of the 16s rRNA gene necessitated the formation of a new genus, hence the name Helicobacter pylori (3). Helicobacter pylori is a Gram negative spiral shaped microaerophilic rod (4). The term microaerophilic means that the organism requires small amounts of oxygen to survive. It is also a rapidly motile organism due to the multiple polar flagella (4). The bacterium is approximately 3Â µm long and 0.5Â µm in diameter. The organism has 4-7 polar sheathed flagella which helps it to move in the gastric mucus in the stomach (3). It is also a fastidious organism. This means that it requires special nutrients to grow. The common media for isolation include Skirrow’s medium with vancomycin, polymixin B,

Gender Discrimination Free Essays

Social stratification is the structured form of social inequality within a ranked group of people that bring about unequal financial rewards, such as a person’s income, and power or property, which is brought upon by wealth in a society. The social stratification systems come in many different ways and forms. For example, slavery, castes, social class, race, and gender are just some of the issues that are affected by stratification. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Discrimination or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will particularly focus on the issue of stratification by gender, or in other words, gender inequality. Gender inequality or also known as gender stratification, is the unequal distribution of a society’s wealth, power, and privilege between females and males. (Scott and Schwartz, 2000). When the issue is approached, it is evident that the majority of the women are the oppressed as in turn the men being the oppressor. This idea of the oppressed vs. the oppressor is evident throughout history; even in religious terms, some can date back to God’s creation. For example, in the Bible, God had caught Adam and Eve eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, which was forbidden. It is written in the Bible, â€Å"To the woman he (God) said, I will greatly increase your pain in childbearing; with pain you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for you husband, and he will rule over you. † (Genesis 3:16). Around the mid-nineteenth century until nowadays, three beliefs about women and men have prevailed as part of biology or evolution. One, men and women have different psychological and sexual natures, two- men are inherently the dominant or superior sex, and three – both male female difference and male dominance are natural. † (Bem, 1993). Considering these three beliefs, women experience gender inequality in different environments, stereotypes, and occupations. For example, women are stereotyped to be only a stay at home wife and to be in an environment where they are responsible for cleaning the house, cooking dinner, and taking care of the children. Nowadays, there are more women known to have jobs and not a stay at home wife, but yet they are still responsible, or show some responsibility for cleaning the house, cooking dinner, and taking care of the children. As for occupations among women, they experience the limitations of the occupations available. Women also experience less pay or earnings, and the devaluation of their work by society. An article, Social Class and Gender, written by Nancy Andes, expresses occupational stratification by gender inequality through the comparison of three theoretical frameworks or perspectives. The first theoretical framework is the sex segregation model, which is where sex is the only characteristic that affects the placement of a worker into a profession or occupation. The second theoretical framework is the pure class model, which is where the workers’ position of determined by their status or position in the society and how much authority and ownership they possess. The third theoretical framework that is used is the integrated gendered social class model, which is where gender and class perform together that affect the positioning of women and or men in the labor force. After Andes introduces the three theoretical frameworks, she explains each frameworks or approaches in depth, in relation to a table that expresses the earnings and occupations of men and women. The source of the table, or known as empirical evidence, is taken from the UC Bureau of the Census in 1989. The table expressed many different types of employment in the labor force. Within that employment of occupation, the table included the percentage of women within that occupation, women’s annual earnings within the occupation, and even the men’s annual earnings in that same occupation. Read also: Our Changing Society How to cite Gender Discrimination, Essay examples

A Domestic Dilemma by Carson M Essay Example For Students

A Domestic Dilemma by Carson M Essay Carson McCullers story A Domestic Dilemma depicts a family torn by both compassion and suffering. Martin, a loving and understanding husband must deal with his familys problems. Martins wife, Emily, distraught by her new environment, initiates her familys difficulties with her drinking habits. The story examines a familys severe problems, and yet also illustrates the depth of love and loyalty that allows people to survive adversity. McCullers examines within the depth of one family how the full spectrum of love can destroy the romantics of love. The conflicts in the family surround Martin and Emilys relationship. Emilys drinking habits initiate a confrontation with Martin. When Martin inquires about his wifes earlier drinking, she immediately responds because I drink a couple of sherries in the afternoon youre trying to make out a drunkard in a sharp, unforgiving tone(99). According to Roberta Caplan, some people may drink abusively during a personal crisis and then resume normal dri nking (Groiler) which explains Emilys rhythmic sorrow filled with alcohol(102). In addition, fear and worry for his wife an children make Martin feel uneasy. Returning from work a year ago, Martin stumbled upon his children crying and his wife intoxicated after the baby had been dropped on her frail skull(100). Martin then hired a maid in order to watch the children and look after Emily(100). Significantly, the settings effect on the familys relationship demolishes their closeness. Martins surroundings seemed vast and somehow desolate because he is aware of his wifes displeasure living up north (97). Being away from her family and friends in Alabama, Emily takes out her frustration of her new environment on her family(100). Many flaws exist within this family;however, the family still seeks comfort in one another. Although Martins family faces dilemmas, the love in the family remains evident. Initially, the devotion that Martin shows towards his children illustrates his good nature. Martin views his childrens faces as radiant as flower petals, equally loved (103). Moreover illustrating his love for his children, Martin kissed the tiny hand that lay palm-upward (103). Furthermore, Martins hope to hold his family together exhibits his affection for his family. Martin constantly attempts to calm his wife in order to avoid displays of anger(101). Please go upstairs,(101) Martin begs of his wife so the children do not get upset seeing their mother frustrated. Lastly, the physical and emotional desire for Emily that Martin has, further shows how he cares for his family. Comforting his wife, Martin exhibits his love for her(104). Martin watched Emily as she slept and his old anger vanished(104). McCullers fully examines the immense complexities of love(104) in depicting both the conflict an love within one family, and how this can tear a family apart. Problems such as drinking excessively cause relationships to deteriorate. The dependence on each other and love for one another holds a family together. Ultimately, McCullers past encounters with alcohol and family drove her to write this story which shows that the choices people make vary depending on their intentions(Groiler). A Theme AnalysisofCarson McCullersA Domestic DilemmaRobert Brown10/20/97Bell 5

Narrative Essay on a Good Day! free essay sample

I was going with my family. So finally, the day was here and I was in India on December 19th 2012. My friends and cousins were at the airport to pick me up, they were very happy, and surprised to see me after a long time. It was a very warm welcome with handmade flower necklaces. They knew I was coming so they already cleaned my house and it was ready for me. It was very different feeling living in that house after living in United States and also the weather was different than United States. After they dropped me off at my house, I got freshen up, and then all my relatives, friends, and neighbor started coming to my house to see me. They were very happy. Then my mother’s family who lives in India, they came to see from another city. I got so emotional after seeing them. It was the best feeling seeing your family after so many years and my mom cried so much after seeing her mother. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative Essay on a Good Day! or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It’s a very different experience talking to them on phone from U. S. A and meeting them face to face in India. Then we all went out to have lunch with my mother’s family and my friends. I was craving for pure Indian food taste so I had so many different kinds of dishes. We had South Indian food, Gujarati Thali (full Dish), and my favorite Indian Chinese cuisine. We had so much while having lunch. Everyone was sharing their stories and taking about random stuff. Then we all came back to our home and took a nap since we were excused from flying in plane for 16 hrs. By the time we woke up it was a time for a dinner. Our neighbor invited us for dinner at their house, so we all got ready and left to their house. By the end of the night we had a wonderful experience and overall it was an interesting day. India has changed a lot since I left seven years ago. Now, they have shopping malls, huge buildings in the city, so many movie theaters, and also people are changing their living styles. It really was a different experience. I will never forget this day in my life, it was and it will be the best day from my entire life.

Free Essays on Young Goodman Brown And Heart Of Darkness

Joseph Conrad’s use of light and dark to represent good and evil in the Heart of Darkness helps in developing the theme and the plot of the novel. Conrad uses the symbol of light and darkness repetitively throughout the novel in order to disclose his insight to the reader. Conrad uses light and darkness when referring to the Thanes and Congo Rivers, the skin color of the whites and blacks, and shadows. Conrad’s use of light and dark is evident from the opening of the novel. The story opens on the calm Thanes River aboard the cruising yawl called the Nellie. All is calm on the water as the lights of London twinkle around the boat. The Thanes River, which is seen as calm, ‘civil’ and bright, is an obvious contrast to the Congo River that Marlow navigates in Africa. The Congo is full of darkness and fractiousness. Ironically, the bright Thane is described similarly to the dark Congo. In the closing lines of the novel, the Thanes seem to be flowing into the heart of an immense darkness. However, during the closing of the novel, in which the startling cruelty of the Europeans is divulged, the narrator describes the Thanes as strikingly different: immensely dark. Through the use of lightness and darkness Conrad suggests that regardless of where the white man exists, in civilized London or deepest Africa, he seems to bring darkness and cruelty to his fellow ma n. Conrad uses light and darkness in context of the color of skin of the whites and blacks, as well as the corresponding good and evil of their hearts. In contrast to the greed and cruelty of the white men in Africa, who greedily and recklessly seize ivory at the cost of a human life, Conrad depicts the black natives as having more self-control. The Manager is starving the cannibals on board Marlow's steamer to death, and although they eagerly eye the body of the dead Helmsman and also the physique of the plump Russian, they restrain their native urges and do not... Free Essays on Young Goodman Brown And Heart Of Darkness Free Essays on Young Goodman Brown And Heart Of Darkness Joseph Conrad’s use of light and dark to represent good and evil in the Heart of Darkness helps in developing the theme and the plot of the novel. Conrad uses the symbol of light and darkness repetitively throughout the novel in order to disclose his insight to the reader. Conrad uses light and darkness when referring to the Thanes and Congo Rivers, the skin color of the whites and blacks, and shadows. Conrad’s use of light and dark is evident from the opening of the novel. The story opens on the calm Thanes River aboard the cruising yawl called the Nellie. All is calm on the water as the lights of London twinkle around the boat. The Thanes River, which is seen as calm, ‘civil’ and bright, is an obvious contrast to the Congo River that Marlow navigates in Africa. The Congo is full of darkness and fractiousness. Ironically, the bright Thane is described similarly to the dark Congo. In the closing lines of the novel, the Thanes seem to be flowing into the heart of an immense darkness. However, during the closing of the novel, in which the startling cruelty of the Europeans is divulged, the narrator describes the Thanes as strikingly different: immensely dark. Through the use of lightness and darkness Conrad suggests that regardless of where the white man exists, in civilized London or deepest Africa, he seems to bring darkness and cruelty to his fellow ma n. Conrad uses light and darkness in context of the color of skin of the whites and blacks, as well as the corresponding good and evil of their hearts. In contrast to the greed and cruelty of the white men in Africa, who greedily and recklessly seize ivory at the cost of a human life, Conrad depicts the black natives as having more self-control. The Manager is starving the cannibals on board Marlow's steamer to death, and although they eagerly eye the body of the dead Helmsman and also the physique of the plump Russian, they restrain their native urges and do not...

Requisitos para Dreamers para sacar permiso para viajar

Requisitos para Dreamers para sacar permiso para viajar Los Dreamers, es decir, los muchachos indocumentados que llegaron a Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os, y que tienen DACA aprobado podà ­an  obtener un permiso para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos y regresar si cumplà ­an una serie de requisitos.   Todo ha cambiado con las declaraciones del fiscal general Jeff Sessions con fecha del 5 de septiembre de 2017. Por otro lado, la orden judicial del juez William Alsup que reinstaura parcialmente DACA con fecha de 9 de enero de 2018, no protege a los jà ³venes que salen de Estados Unidos y posteriormente desean regresar. Por lo tanto en este aspecto en concreto no se modifica lo decido por gobierno en Septiembre de 2017. Asà ­, en primer lugar si un Dreamer habà ­a solicitado un permiso para viajar mediante el formulario I-131 y la solicitud tiene fecha de aprobacià ³n del 5 de septiembre o anterior, podà ­a viajar y en principio no deberà ­a haber problema. Sin embargo, como es un asunto delicado con consecuencias posibles muy graves, es una buena idea asesorarse con una organizacià ³n de apoyo a Dreamers o con un abogado y, en caso de duda, no viajar. Incluso se recomienda hablar con un abogado que està © presente en el aeropuerto el dà ­a del regreso, por si hubiera algà ºn problema. En segundo lugar si no ha pedido el permiso para viajar, no hacerlo despuà ©s de esa fecha, ya que no ser tramitado. En tercer lugar si se pidià ³ el permiso para viajar antes de esa fecha y se est pendiente de una respuesta hay que saber que el USCIS no aprobar el permiso, pero regresar el dinero pagado en concepto de cuota. Demanda de los estados en contra de decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar DACA 15  estados y el Distrito de Columbia   han sumado sus esfuerzos para presentar una demanda en contra del gobierno federal por la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar el programa DACA. La demanda, que ha sido presentada en el Distrito Este del estado de Nueva York, est liderada por el fiscal general de ese estado y la de Massachusetts. Adems, se han unido los de Carolina del Norte, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Nuevo Mà ©xico, Oregà ³n, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Washington y el Distrito de Columbia. Los estados argumentan que la decisià ³n de Trump de finalizar DACA viola en dos ocasiones la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo. Adems, violarà ­a la proteccià ³n otorgadas por la Constitucià ³n al  debido proceso. Finalmente, tambià ©n serà ­a contraria a la Constitucià ³n porque violarà ­a el derecho a la igualdad ante la ley. En este punto se argumenta que la decisià ³n de Trump tiene por objeto perjudicar a un grupo de personas por razones de su origen, ya que cuatro de cada cinco muchachos beneficiados por DACA son mexicanos o centroamericanos. Se espera ahora una batalla legal. Todo lo que sigue a continuacià ³n ya tiene solo un valor histà ³rico porque como se ha explicado, ya no se puede aplicar. La Accià ³n Diferida (DACA) como requisito  esencial para el permiso de viajar Los Dreamers  sà ³lo pueden solicitar el permiso para viajar si tienen ya en mano aprobada la Accià ³n Diferida, que se conoce en inglà ©s por las siglas de DACA. DACA es una medida adoptada por el Presidente Barack Obama el 15 de junio de 2012 que permite a los Dreamers que cumplen con ciertos requisitos de edad, residencia, estudios e historial aplicar por una semi- legalizacià ³n. En la prctica supone que el Dreamer al que se le concede la Accià ³n Diferida no puede ser deportado. Adems, pueden obtener una licencia de manejar sin restricciones, un Nà ºmero del Seguro Social, abrir una cuenta de banco y, en determinados casos, aplicar por un permiso de trabajo. Una vez que tienen DACA aprobado pueden solicitar,  previo pago de un arancel,  un permiso para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos, que se conoce por su nombre en inglà ©s de  advance parole. Nunca pedir el permiso para viajar sin tener DACA aprobado ni tampoco si se est pendiente de su renovacià ³n. Quà © es este advance parole y quà © requisitos  aplican para los Dreamers El advance parole un permiso para  viajar fuera de Estados Unidos y, lo ms importante, regresar. Es una autorizacià ³n que tambià ©n aplica a otro tipo de migrantes, pero a cada categorà ­a les aplica distintos requisitos. No confundirse en este punto al llenar la peticià ³n. Se solicita rellenando el formulario I-131, que se conoce en inglà ©s por el nombre de Application for Travel Document.   Para los   Dreamers es necesario que el permiso para viajar se pida para un viaje en concreto. Excepto si se sabe con antelacià ³n que se necesita realizar varios viajes, por ejemplo, a varios seminarios. En este caso y si se sabe la fecha de cada uno, solicitar todos esos viajes en la misma aplicacià ³n al llenar el formulario I-131, explicando las razones de cada uno de esos viajes. Adems  no se puede viajar por cualquier razà ³n,  sino por una que encaje en alguna de las siguientes: Por cuestià ³n humanitaria, por ejemplo, para visitar a un familiar cercano enfermo.Razones educativas, como un semestre en el exteriorPor trabajo, como visitar clientes, un congreso, un seminario, etc. Es decir, no se puede viajar por vacaciones. Cuando se aplica enviar, adems del pago, la documentacià ³n que se pide. Tener en cuenta que si DACA fue aprobado por el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS) se necesita adjuntar una copia del documento que se conoce como I-797 Notice of Action, que es la carta en la que se notifica la aprobacià ³n de la Accià ³n Diferida. Por el contrario  si fue ICE quien concedià ³ la accià ³n diferida, se tiene que enviar la notificacià ³n de esta agencia en la que asà ­ consta. Documentos para el viaje de salida desde  Estados Unidos Hay dos posibles situaciones: Si un Dreamer viaja a su propio paà ­s, necesita el pasaporte de su paà ­s que debe ser vlido por al menos otros seis meses. Adems, necesita llevar el permiso de viaje aprobado.Por el contrario, si viaja a un tercer paà ­s, deber adems asegurarse de si necesita solicitar visa antes de viajar a ese paà ­s. Por ejemplo, para viajar a paà ­ses como Italia, Espaà ±a, Francia o Alemania, los cubanos y bolivianos necesitan visa Schengen. Si se viaja a Mà ©xico, un destino muy comà ºn desde los Estados Unidos, un buen nà ºmero de paà ­ses necesitan la visa, como por ejemplo Repà ºblica Dominicana, Guatemala, El Salvador o Cuba. Consultar siempre antes de viajar con la pgina web de la embajada del paà ­s que se desea visitar. Por supuesto no se necesita un permiso de viaje advance parole para dentro de los Estados Unidos, incluidos los estados de Hawaii y Alaska y el avià ³n. Y tambià ©n se puede ir sin problemas a los miembros de la Commonwealth de los Estados Unidos, como Puerto Rico, Guam, Samoa o Islas Và ­rgenes Americanas. Cà ³mo es el regreso a Estados Unidos para Dreamers con permiso para viajar Se puede ingresar por avià ³n, barco o por una frontera terrestre. Hay que esperar un control migratorio por parte de un agente de la CBP y otro aduanero, que pueden ser muy rpidos. Estos son los documentos necesarios: Pasaporte sin expirar con una validez mà ­nima de seis mesesEl premiso de viaje aprobado Adems  se recomienda llevar: Permiso de trabajo, si se tieneLicencia de manejar, si se tieneCopia del documento en el que USCIS aprobà ³ la peticià ³n de DACATodos los documentos que sirvan para probar la razà ³n del viaje al extranjero (invitacià ³n a Congresos, documentos mà ©dicos de situacià ³n de un familiar muy cercano, transcripciones de estudios, etc). Y por supuesto no est dems tener siempre a mano el telà ©fono de un abogado migratorio de confianza. Adems, por precaucià ³n dejar siempre una copia en casa en los Estados Unidos de todos esos documentos. En caso de robo, extravà ­o o problemas migratorios siempre est bien tener una copia donde aparecen datos como los nà ºmeros que lo identifican, fechas de aprobacià ³n, expiracià ³n, etc. El oficial migratorio har como mà ­nimo una pregunta. Cabe esperar que se refiera a la razà ³n del viaje, tiempo que se permanecià ³ fuera de los Estados Unidos, quà © se hace aquà ­, etc. Este es un listado de preguntas comunes a cualquier persona que llega  a un control migratorio  de los Estados Unidos.   Despuà ©s se pasar por un control aduanero. Quà © hay que tener en cuenta para no tener problemas con  permiso para viajar Estos son los consejos que se deben seguir: 1. Absolutamente sà ³lo permanecer fuera de los Estados Unidos dentro de las fechas aprobadas en el permiso para viajar. Por ejemplo, si se viaja a un congreso que finaliza un dà ­a en concreto, solicitar un par de dà ­as ms para el caso sorpresas de à ºltima hora que impidan viajar. Asà ­ siempre se tendrà ­an unos dà ­as de margen para bregar con imprevistos. 2. Planificar con tiempo. Chequear cundo expira el DACA que se tiene actualmente, ya que no se puede pedir un permiso de viajar si DACA est pendiente de ser renovado. Pedir el permiso para viajar al menos 90 dà ­as antes del viaje. 3. Si se llega por mar o aire, el oficial migratorio siempre estampar el pasaporte, quedando asà ­ constancia de la fecha de regreso a los Estados Unidos y, por lo tanto, de que se cumplià ³ con las fechas aprobadas en el permiso de viaje. En el caso de llegar por una frontera terrestre, es muy importante asegurarse de que tambià ©n sellan el pasaporte. Si no lo hacen, solicitar que asà ­ se realice. Asà ­ se evitan potenciales problemas en el futuro. 4. No viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos jams sin este permiso, ya que se dar por terminado DACA y pueden impedir el regreso. Pero,  ¿es conveniente viajar fuera de Estados Unidos? Hay bastante unanimidad entre los abogados y expertos en este tema para opinar que los Dreamers que han acumulado ms de 180 dà ­as (seis meses) de presencia ilegal en Estados Unidos sà ³lo deberà ­an aplicar tras consultar con un experto y entender quà © puede ir mal. La razà ³n es que puede suceder que aunque el advance parole les sea concedido puede que cuando intentan regresar a Estados Unidos y lleguen al control de inmigracià ³n se encuentren con la realidad de que se les aplica la norma conocida como castigo de los tres y diez aà ±os. Y todos los dà ­as se ven casos en las aduanas en los que inmigrantes con un advance parole en la mano se encuentran con la desagradable sorpresa de que no se les permite entrar a Estados Unidos, alterndose asà ­ de un modo significativo sus vidas. Quà © se recomienda hacer en estos casos En primer lugar resaltar que hay otros casos en los que estar sin estatus no equivale necesariamente a acumular dà ­a de presencia ilegal. Por ejemplo, la acumulacià ³n de dà ­as calificados como presencia ilegal no ocurre cuando el inmigrante es menor de edad. Pero una vez que se han cumplido los 18 aà ±os de edad, sà ­ que se acumula el tiempo. En estos casos es muy recomendable contactar con un abogado bueno experto en inmigracià ³n, y, a poder ser, en el tema de la accià ³n diferida. Y en una cita analizar con detenimiento cules son los riesgos, quà © puede pasar y las circunstancias del caso de cada uno. Y desde luego siempre asesorarse con un abogado en casos experiencias de arrestos, deportaciones previas, posibilidad de tener una orden de deportacià ³n pendiente o estar en el medio de un proceso de este tipo. Informacià ³n de interà ©s para Dreamers que desean viajar a otro paà ­s La US-Mexico Foundation est convocando anualmente programas, como Dreamers without Borders, para viajar a Mà ©xico a mexicanos con DACA que nunca han estado en su paà ­s desde que ingresaron a los Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os.   Finalmente  los interesados en las experiencias de otros Dreamers con advance parole, se puede consultar la pgina de Facebook Traveling Abroad with DACA. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Cost and Quality Anaylsis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cost and Quality Anaylsis - Research Paper Example As a result, this scheme improves quality and at the same time minimises cost as opposed to having a fixed dollar contribution and granting only two plans (The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013). The other initiative is the adoption of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and competition. HMOs are very useful in reducing costs in highly competitive markets by through practice of hospital visits instead of ambulatory. For example, the competition between HMOs in a competitive market leads to lowering of premiums while at the same time forcing individual HMOs to maintain high quality in their services so they can remain competitive. In addition, State mental health parity mandate and managed care is a good strategy for addressing quality and cost in healthcare. The introduction of a managed behavioural health care plan by an insurer has led to a 39 percent reduction in mental and substance abuse costs. The Commonwealth Fund -private The commonwealth sponsored its fi rst health care quality program in 2000, which has supported crucial research on the shortcomings and causes in health care delivery, while at the same time emphasizing on the importance of inventive interventions to improve health care information technology infrastructure, as well as reducing patience safety and hospital readmissions. By identifying keys and trends to success, this initiative is contributing towards the understanding of joint care models referred to as accountable care organizations (The Common wealth Fund, 2012). Analysis of the program’s State Action on Avoidable Rehospitalizations (STAAR) is the other initiative that was supported by the Commonwealth Fund, which has led to considerable reductions in hospital readmissions within 30 days of discharge. Research shows that those taking part in the STAAR initiative are more expected to espouse interventions such as enriched patient education, improved assessments of patients before they are discharged from ho spital, and improved contact with post-acute care providers before they are discharged (The Common wealth Fund, 2012). In 2005, a Patient-Centered Primary Care program was launched, which is principally committed to supporting of the patient-centered medical home, a model that is very promising. This initiative is helping the country-wide primary care practices to change into medical homes, which offer uninterrupted admission to coordinated care, hence improving health care quality and at the same time reducing health care expenditures per capita (The Common wealth Fund, 2012). Possible unintended consequences As discussed, there are many strategies that are implemented by both public and private health agencies in the recent years. Although some of these including certain employer contribution techniques, managed care for addressing the cost implications of parity mandates, and competition among HMOs - have been at least to a certain extent successful, many of the others have mixed results. In some situations, shifting economic conditions may result to negative consequences. Although the above discussed programs are meant to enhance health care provision while at the same time ensuring cost-efficiency health care practices, sometimes these outcomes have some unintended consequences (Boaden et al. 2008). This is especially because positive change in a particular area causes pressure in another area, mostly leading to undesirable results. For a case in point, an

General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 Term Paper

General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 - Term Paper Example Eventually, the impact of GARA 1994 on the socio-economic welfare of the manufacturers of general aviation aircraft before and after the Act was enacted will be thoroughly discussed. About General Aviation Revitalization Act (GARA) of 1994 With the purpose of amending the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 (GARA)1 was enacted (Angelley, 2011; Clinton, 1994). Under GARA of 1994, the term â€Å"general aviation† includes all types of aircrafts with no more than 20 passengers that had received an airworthiness certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (Kovarik, 2008; Clinton, 1994; Kister, 1998). The said Act applies to all aircrafts 18 years old or more when the accident happens (Angelley, 2011; Clinton, 1994). GARA is an Act of Congress that was made under the Senate Bill S. 1458 – 103rd Congress. Aside from preserving the rights of the pilots and passengers, the main reason why the Act was created is to protect the aircraft manufacturers from the prolonged adverse socio-economic impact of product liability in small aircrafts of not more than 20 passengers (Angelley, 2011; Kister, 1998). ... In fact, the enactment of GARA 1994 has made a lot of general aviation aircraft victims and their attorneys become frustrated for failing to receive justice for losing the lives of their loved ones or facing the consequences of physical injuries caused by the general aviation aircraft accidents (Kovarik, 2008). The main purpose of implementing the GARA of 1994 is to create some exceptions wherein the general aviation manufacturers can be protected from the risks of lawsuits caused by manufacturing designs created more than 18 years since the aircraft was released from the warehouse of general aviation companies2. On top of the number of years when the general aviation aircraft was manufactured, other important considerations that will not protect the general aviation manufacturers under the GARA of 1994 include the following conditions: (1) in case the manufacturer of general aviation aircraft can prove that there has been a misrepresentation or withheld information coming from the F AA that could somehow have triggered the plane to crash; (2) in case the victims of the plane crash is a passenger who is at the time of the crash receiving emergency or medical treatment; (3) in case the person who died or was physically injured in the plane crash was not a passenger of the aircraft; and (4) in case the lawsuit has a written warranty that directly involve a specific aircraft3 (Angelley, 2011; Kovarik, 2008). With regards to the future maintenance requirements of the aircraft, the said Act does not protect the owners of the general aviation aircraft for not being able to perform their responsibility in maintaining the quality of the aircraft’s engine

Phytochemical Screening and Extraction Essay Example for Free

Phytochemical Screening and Extraction Essay Plants are a source of large amount of drugs comprising to different groups such as antispasmodics, emetics, anti-cancer, antimicrobials etc. A large number of the plants are claimed to possess the antibiotic properties in the traditional system and are also used extensively by the tribal people worldwide. It is now believed that nature has given the cure of every disease in one way or another. Plants have been known to relieve various diseases in Ayurveda. Therefore, the researchers today are emphasizing on evaluation Prashant Tiwari*, Bimlesh Kumar, Mandeep Kaur, Gurpreet Kaur, Harleen Kaur Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Phagwara, Punjab and characterization of various plants and plant constituents against a number of diseases based on their traditional claims of the plants given in Ayurveda. Extraction of the bioactive plant constituents has always been a challenging task for the researchers. In this present review, an attempt has been made to give an overview of certain extractants and extraction processes with their advantages and disadvantages. INTRODUCTION extracts. Such preparations have been popularly called Plant-derived substances have recently become of galenicals, named after Galen, the second century great interest owing to their versatile applications. Greek physician [2]. Medicinal plants are the richest bio-resource of drugs Extraction methods used pharmaceutically involves of the separation of medicinally active portions of plant traditional systems of modern folk tissues from the inactive/inert components by using medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical selective solvents. During extraction, solvents diffuse entities for synthetic drugs [1]. Into the solid plant material and solubilize compounds Extraction (as the term is pharmaceutically used) is the with similar polarity [1]. separation of medicinally active portions of plant (and The purpose of standardized extraction procedures for animal) tissues using selective solvents through crude drugs (medicinal plant parts) is to attain the standard procedures. The products so obtained from therapeutically desired portions and to eliminate plants are relatively complex mixtures of metabolites, unwanted material by treatment with a selective in liquid or semisolid state or (after removing the solvent known as menstrum. The extract thus solvent) in dry powder form, and are intended for oral obtained, after standardization, may be used as or external use. These include classes of preparations medicinal agent as such in the form of tinctures or known extracts, fluid extracts or further processed to be incorporated tinctures, pilular (semisolid) extracts or powdered in any dosage form such as tablets and capsules. These as decoctions, food medicine, supplements, infusions, fluid products contains complex mixture of many medicinal   plant metabolites, such as alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids and lignans [3]. The general techniques of medicinal plant extraction include maceration, infusion, percolation, digestion, Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia Jan-Mar 2011 Vol 1 Issue 1 Prashant Tiwari, et al: Phytochemical screening and Extraction: A Review decoction, (Soxhlet), part of the plant like bark, leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, aqueous-alcoholic extraction by fermentation, counter- seeds, etc i.e. any part of the plant may contain active current extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, components. The systematic screening of plant species ultrasound extraction (sonication), supercritical fluid with the purpose of discovering new bioactive extraction, (with compounds is a routine activity in many laboratories. hydrofluorocarbon solvents). For aromatic plants, Scientific analysis of plant components follows a hydrodistillation techniques (water distillation, steam logical pathway. Plants are collected either randomly distillation, water and steam distillation), hydrolytic or by following leads supplied by local healers in maceration followed by distillation, expression and geographical areas where the plants are found [5]. enfl eurage (cold fat extraction) may be employed. Fresh or dried plant materials can be used as a source Some of the latest extraction methods for aromatic for the extraction of secondary plant components. plants include headspace trapping, solid phase micro- Many authors had reported about plant extract extraction, protoplast extraction, microdistillation, preparation from the fresh plant tissues. The logic thermomicrodistillation and molecular distillation [3]. behind this came from the ethno medicinal use of fresh The basic parameters influencing the quality of an plant materials among the traditional and tribal extract are [1]: people.

The Philosophy of Teaching According to Dave :: Educationg Educating Teaching Papers

The Philosophy of Teaching According to Dave Still very much in the developmental stage, the mere thought of a philosophical idea creates a shiver. Older and more worldly than most students, experienced seems to fall short when describing cultural diversity. Thinking inside the box is just hard to do; conventional falls short of my teaching platform. The platform needs to consist of more than what exists in the confines of books. Besides the eclectic mix of essentialism, and behaviorism, the underlining progressivism will be ever present. A history major, I believe there is more than what can be read in a book. The expressions, passion and theatrics just do not exist between the covers of textbooks. Teaching history from a book falls short of telling the story. It is full of epics, and lessons not just dates to learn. It is those lessons that our youth is lacking. The most concerning thing in today’s schools is the lack of respect, for the teacher as well as the institution they represent. We live in a new world full of true stories, not in the Beaver Cleaver world of perfection. Youth is wasted in the pursuit of a duel household reality. A parent at home to instruct morality is increasingly becoming non-existent. Children are going through life with out mentors and roll models, except for what they see in the media. The belief that education should involve the whole child is not lost here. I believe that an open line of communication must exist between the student and the teacher. I do not believe in labels and stigmatisms that cubby hole any child. We as educators have a plethora of resources at our disposal to impart, at the same time remaining the all-important professional. Our job as teacher is not just to regurgitate facts but also to communicate their importance and value to the student and their life. It is said that a child will learn all they need to know to survive society before the age of seven. I do realize that the need for the basics is beyond reproach.

Learning Enviroment and Its Effects on Student Academic Performance in Integrated Science Essay

In Nigeria, secondary education is the education children receive after primary education and before the tertiary stage. Consequently, the broad goals of secondary education are geared to prepare the individual for useful living within the society and to progress to higher education (Federal Government of Nigeria, 2004). The school at this level is established so that students can learn in order to be able to transmit knowledge from one generation to another for the continuity and well-being of the society. Learning as a hypothetical construct can only be inferred from observable behavior. Psychologists usually define learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to past experience or the process by which relatively permanent changes occur in behavioral potentials as a result of Experience (Gross, 2010) In fact, secondary school education is an investment and an instrument that can be used to achieve a more rapid economic, social, political, technological, scientific and cultural development in the country. The role of secondary education is to lay a solid foundation for better academic performance of students in their pursuit of university education and in other higher institutions with the aim of producing competent manpower for the growth and development of the nation. Recent trends in this tier of education in Nigeria show poor academic results from our children. The preponderance of mass failure in the final examinations conducted by various examination bodies (WAEC, NECO NABTEB) has led to the hue and cry by all and sundry over students’ poor academic performance. It is clear that this tier of education is now seriously threatened by total near collapse as evident by students’ abysmal performance in 2011 examination results in Nigeria. Dissenting groups have passed the blame of students’ poor performance on teachers, parents and government policy somersault. According to Aremu and Sokan (2003), and Aremu and Oluwole (2001), secondary school students’ poor performance may be hinged on students because of their low retention, parental factors, association with wrong peers and motivation. Previous research evidence showed that poor academic performance at the secondary school level of education is a product of teacher, school and the home environment. According to Morakinyo (2003), the falling level of academic performance of secondary school students is attributable to teachers’ non-use of verbal reinforcement. Also the home environment or family background of learners affects their academic performance (Ajila & Olutola, 2007) The sharp decline in the academic performance at various levels of our educational system in Nigeria is largely attributed to the poor conditions in our educational institutions. These include lack of modern instructional technology, poor classroom conditions and lack of adequate training programmes for teachers. Similarly, classroom learning environments and school factors exert some dominant influence on learners, since man is a product of his environment. The importance of learning environment to a successful academic achievement cannot be overemphasized. The learning environment includes school location and physical buildings, laboratory equipment, library services and materials, instructional aids and effective classroom management. Intelligence is not the only determinant of academic achievement. Learning environment affects the academic achievement of a student. According to Basque and Dore (1998), learning and teaching environment ought to implement six functions: inform, communicate, collaborate, produce, scaffold and manage. They added that conceptually speaking, the learning environment refers to the whole range of components and activities within which learning happens. Learning environment that is free from barriers or distraction such as noise, gas/smoke pollution and so on, will promote students’ concentration or perceptual focus to learning (Sprinthall, 1987). Similarly, the entire unattractive physical structure of the school building could demotivate learners to achieve academically. This mismatch promotes poor academic performance. Danesty (2004) stated that dilapidating building lacking mental stimulating facilities that are characterized with low or no sitting arrangement, will also affect students’ learning. Class size has also been identified as a determinant of academic performance. Schools with smaller class size perform better academically than schools with larger class size. Kraft (1994) in his study of the ideal class size and its effects on effective teaching and learning concluded that any class size above forty (40) has negative effects on students’ achievement. Generally, good teaching is best done in classes with small numbers that allow for individual attention. Teachers do make a difference to motivate students in learning, working in tandem with parents who are the first teachers to children. Noordin, Azizi, Jamaludin, Shahrin and Zurihanmi (2010) opined that teachers can make school life miserable or appealing by filling the classroom with excitement and hope. Students will continue in their learning and even search for more knowledge under the leading of enthusiastic teacher (Wlodkowski & Jaynes, 1990). Atkinson (2000) found a positive relationship between teachers’ motivation and the students’ performance. The availability and use of teaching and learning materials affect the effectiveness of a teacher’s lesson. The use of a variety of media increases the probability that the students would learn more and that young children are capable of understanding abstract ideas if they are provided with sufficient materials and concrete experience with the phenomena that they are to understand. Adu and Olatundun (2007), Adediwura and Tayo (2007), and Star (2002) suggested that effective teaching is a significant predictor for students’ academic achievement. In short, poor academic performance of students has been linked to poor teachers’ performance in terms of accomplishing learning tasks (Ofoegbu, 2004; Asikhia, 2010). The home environment or family background of students affects their academic performance (Ajila and Olutola 2007; Nzewuawah, 1995; Ichado, 1998). The home environment sharpens the child’s initial view of learning. Parents’ beliefs, expectations and attitudes about education have a profound early impact on students’ conceptions of the place of education in their life. ` Children in poverty often face problems at home and at school that compromises their learning (Ceballo and McLoyd, 2002, Evans and English, 2002). At home, they might have parents who do not set high educational standards for them, who are incapable of reading to them, and who do not have enough money to pay for educational materials and experiences such as books and trips to zoos and museums. They might be malnourished and live in areas where crime and violence are a way of life (Santrock, 2004). The home environment is as important as what goes on in the school. The home factors include: parental involvement in children’s education, how much parents read to young children; how much television children are allowed to watch; and how often students change schools. Phillips (1998) also found that parental education and social economic status have an impact on students’ achievement. Students with parents who were both educated tended to achieve at the highest levels. Income and family size were moderately related to achievement (Ferguson, 1991). Thus from the analysis of academic achievement, home environment (including family income) and educational activities, it can be concluded that home environment and educational activities explained the greatest amount of variance (Peng and Wright, 1994; Kamaruddin, Zainal, Aminuddin and Jusoff, 2009) The performance of secondary school students in science and non-science subjects in NECO, WAEC and JAMB calls for proper investigation. Student low performance in those subject can be traced back to the effect of their learning environment. Although, several scholars have proposed various factors responsible for the poor performance of students, few research have been dedicated to the correlation between student learning environment both at school and home and academic achievement of students. Thus, this study addressed those learning environment factors that hinder student from performing better in integrated science. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of learning environment on secondary school student academic performance in integrated science. Specifically, the study will; Examine 1.How do secondary school students perceive the quality of learning environment in relation to their academic performance? 2.How do secondary school students perceive teachers’ teaching methods in relation to their academic performance? 3.How do secondary school students perceive parents economic status in relation to their academic performance? 1: How do secondary school students perceive the quality of learning environment in relation to their academic performance? Ho 2: How do secondary school students perceive teachers’ teaching methods in relation to their academic performance? Ho 3: there is no significant difference between class size and student academic performance in integrated science?

Complete Ramsey Walker’s profit plan Essay

Work assumption: 1. Assume that the sales will increase by 10% for each new title, as indicated the Backlist sales increase. 2. Assume that the total number of new titles remain unchanged; since Ramsey is trying to publish fewer segments and focus more resources on trying to publish fewer segments and focus more resources on differentiation those books in the marketplace, there is no reason for him increase the new titles. 3. Assume that they plan to increase their gross margin by 2% and decrease the expenses of sales by 1%, for each of the six formats, as given for Backlist. 4. Assume that AR as the percentage of sales remains 20%, as indicated by Backlist. 5. Assume that inventory as the percentage of sales decrease by 15%, as indicated by Backlist. 6. Assume that AP as the percentage of sales will stretch to 20%, as the last year percentage for the first five formats is 18%. The 10% increase in sales, 2% increase in GM and 1% decrease in expenses should be critical since it will increase the profit dramatically. And the decrease in inventory is also critical because it will decrease the lower part of the ROA formula. Since the overall goal of the profit plan is to achieve the 10% increase in ROA, so the above assumptions will directly affect the end results. Problem 2: Review the list of financial performance measure presented above. What measures or calculations should Ramsey use to manage the business? How should those measures be calculated? 1. Annual sales growth rate should be used to measure their performance  because this rate helps management to evaluate the quality of their decisions and also helps to make the new strategy for the future development. It is calculated by suing the difference between current year sales and previous years divided by the previous year sales. 2. Profit % is the most critical measurement of a business performance. Without profit or potential to earn profit in the future there is no meaning for a business to continue. It is simply calculated by using profit divided by the sales. 3. Average unit sales help the company to find the right format which is more profitable and more popular, and affect the company’s future strategies. Using the total units sold for one format divided by the total titles in this format. 4. Operating expenses can help them to manage their cost control system, OP can be calculated simply sum up all the expenses in the income statement. 5. POA and ROI are hard to control and too complex to analyze. But these measurements can be calculated by dividing the profit by total asset or total investment respectively, different results can be achieved by suing different assumptions. Picture Photo B & W Nonfiction Fiction Backlist Income Statement Number of New Titles 5 3 1 7 7 0 Sales 426,933.10 122,314.00 50,589.73 218,156.40 256,171.30 1,200,000.00 COGS 127,672.00 39,591.50 19,644.67 63,200.00 71,302.00 384,000.00 Royalties 58,218.00 16,679.00 6,898.67 29,749.00 34,933.50 180,000.00 Gross Margin % 56% 54% 48% 57% 59% 53% Expenses % of the sales 53% 54% 54% 54% 54% 47% Expenses 226,584.30 66,049.53 27,318.39 117,804.10 138,333.20 564,000.00 New Income 14,458.83 -6.083 -3,271.99 7,403.34 11,602.61 72,000.00 Balance sheet – May 31, 1998 Current Assets Inventory 39,892.20 40,119.15 10,933.55 36,187.90 65,747.50 500,000.00 A/R as % of Sales (projected) 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% A/R $ 85,386.62 24,462.79 10,117.95 43,631.28 51,234.26 240,000.00 Total current Assets 125,278.80 64,581.94 21,051.50 79,819.18 116,981.76 740,000.00 Current Liabilities A/P as % of Sales 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 0 A/P $ 85,386.62 24,462.79 10,117.95 43,631.28 51,234.26 0 Royalties Payable 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total current Liabilities 85,386.62 24,462.79 10,117.95 43,631.28 51,234.26 Free Cash Flow (= Net Income +/- Change in Net Working Capital) Net Income 14,458.83 -6.08 -3,271.99 7,403.34 11,602.61 72,000.00 Change in Net Working Capital 39,892.20 40,119.15 10,933.55 36,187.90 65,747.50 Free Cash Flow 54,351.03 -40,125.23 7,661.56 43,591.24 77,350.11 72,000.00

How to Write a Medical Assistant Resume (with Examples)

How to Write a Medical Assistant Resume (with Examples) Certified medical assistants (CMAs) are some of the most versatile allied health professionals out there. They can work with patients, keep meticulous charts, field phone calls, make sure tools and equipment are sterilized and ready to go for the doctors and nurses, handle copayments and insurance, and make sure the waiting room is tidy and welcomings)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper

In the world that Betty Smith describes in â€Å"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn† however, this poverty is depicted as a kind of virtue, a force that causes individuals to grow, and families to bond c. Yet, while female characters like Katie and Francie grow from overcoming the hardships brought on by poverty, Francie’s father Johnny Nolan is defeated by it and ends up dying of alcoholism. In the 1900’s, gender roles and social expectations of men and women were more rigid than today, and both sexes were supposed to stay within gender boundaries d. In telling the story of Katie and Johnny Nolan, Betty Smith reveals how often times immigrant women like Katie, who went against gender stereotypes, survived and grew from the hardships of poverty, while men like Johnny, who tried to fulfill their gender role, were defeated by it. II. 1ST Body paragraph a. In the beginning of the novel, he has found a job, but it is as a low paying waiter and unstable. Even so, he dresses with style, is handsome, and seems content being a singing waiter. He is able to bring home money to his wife, Katie. His daughter, Francie always helps him get his bow tie on and he calls her â€Å"pre-Madonna,† then she eagerly awaits his return with her brother Neely, for he always bring back treats like caviar and oysters. They are a happy family. However, Johnny loses his job and his family becomes more and more hungry, but he can’t help them. He can’t find another job i. In the early 1900’s, men were supposed to provide for their family, but as Johnny Nolan illustrates, this was hard for immigrant men. ii. Perhaps not being in control and not being able to bring home money to his family makes him feel like a waste and a failure, for as the story goes on, he drinks more and more until he dies of alcoholism. Katie tries to help her husband, â€Å"She told him it was a good thing, that suffering would harden him, would teach him such a lesson that he’d stop drinking. But poor Johnny just wouldn’t harden. † (P. 98) iii. Johnny grew up with the gender stereotype of the man of the house being the â€Å"breadwinner†, and in the Irish American community in Brooklyn, he cannot fulfill this role. III. 2ND Body paragraph i. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work ii. In contrast, Katie, Francie’s mother, is able to overcome poverty because she breaks down the gender stereotypes of what a married woman should do in her time; Katie goes out of the house to work. At that time, were expected to stay home and be cared for while caring for the children iii. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work. Thus, as she faces poverty, we see Katie rise to the challenge by being flexible. In contrast to Johnny, she is able to experience poverty as a learning experience and change. At one point she says to passersby, â€Å"Look at that tree growing up there out of that grating. It gets no sun, and water only when it rains. It’s growing out of sour earth. And it’s strong because its hard struggle to live is making it strong. My children will be strong that way. † IV. 3RD Body paragraph a. Johnny and Katie Nolan, exemplify a theme of gender difference in the overcoming of poverty for immigrants i. Katie is flexible and able to adapt, so she eventually obtains a better life. She does not stay within her gender role of remaining in the house, but goes out to work. In contrast, Johnny is unable to be as flexible and his stubbornness in keeping within his gender role and his own idea of his responsibility to his family eventually destroys him ii. Betty Smith does not judge Johnny in her novel, but rather portrays him as a sympathetic and highly likeable, but he is a conflicted and ultimately tragic character. V. Conclusion paragraph a. In the patriarchal society of the early 1900’s that Betty Smith describes in her book â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn†, it would seem logical if women did not fair as well as men in times of difficulty. After all women had fewer rights. They could not vote or get the same wages as men i. By going against gender stereotypes, Katie is able to persevere and overcome poverty, while her husband, Johnny Nolan, who tries to follow them, is defeated iii. In 2012 many women have broken gender boundaries; Hilary Clinton is Secretary of state, Lady Gaga and Beyonce are millionaires and international pop stars. Men too have broken out of gender stereotypes for it is socially acceptable for men to work at home and even earn less than women. In â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn, â€Å" however, Betty Smith captures a world, gone now, in which strict gender roles defined a person’s life. But for immigrants, trying to make a start in America, the need to adapt and go against these gender roles was critical. A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper In the world that Betty Smith describes in â€Å"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn† however, this poverty is depicted as a kind of virtue, a force that causes individuals to grow, and families to bond c. Yet, while female characters like Katie and Francie grow from overcoming the hardships brought on by poverty, Francie’s father Johnny Nolan is defeated by it and ends up dying of alcoholism. In the 1900’s, gender roles and social expectations of men and women were more rigid than today, and both sexes were supposed to stay within gender boundaries d. In telling the story of Katie and Johnny Nolan, Betty Smith reveals how often times immigrant women like Katie, who went against gender stereotypes, survived and grew from the hardships of poverty, while men like Johnny, who tried to fulfill their gender role, were defeated by it. II. 1ST Body paragraph a. In the beginning of the novel, he has found a job, but it is as a low paying waiter and unstable. Even so, he dresses with style, is handsome, and seems content being a singing waiter. He is able to bring home money to his wife, Katie. His daughter, Francie always helps him get his bow tie on and he calls her â€Å"pre-Madonna,† then she eagerly awaits his return with her brother Neely, for he always bring back treats like caviar and oysters. They are a happy family. However, Johnny loses his job and his family becomes more and more hungry, but he can’t help them. He can’t find another job i. In the early 1900’s, men were supposed to provide for their family, but as Johnny Nolan illustrates, this was hard for immigrant men. ii. Perhaps not being in control and not being able to bring home money to his family makes him feel like a waste and a failure, for as the story goes on, he drinks more and more until he dies of alcoholism. Katie tries to help her husband, â€Å"She told him it was a good thing, that suffering would harden him, would teach him such a lesson that he’d stop drinking. But poor Johnny just wouldn’t harden. † (P. 98) iii. Johnny grew up with the gender stereotype of the man of the house being the â€Å"breadwinner†, and in the Irish American community in Brooklyn, he cannot fulfill this role. III. 2ND Body paragraph i. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work ii. In contrast, Katie, Francie’s mother, is able to overcome poverty because she breaks down the gender stereotypes of what a married woman should do in her time; Katie goes out of the house to work. At that time, were expected to stay home and be cared for while caring for the children iii. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work. Thus, as she faces poverty, we see Katie rise to the challenge by being flexible. In contrast to Johnny, she is able to experience poverty as a learning experience and change. At one point she says to passersby, â€Å"Look at that tree growing up there out of that grating. It gets no sun, and water only when it rains. It’s growing out of sour earth. And it’s strong because its hard struggle to live is making it strong. My children will be strong that way. † IV. 3RD Body paragraph a. Johnny and Katie Nolan, exemplify a theme of gender difference in the overcoming of poverty for immigrants i. Katie is flexible and able to adapt, so she eventually obtains a better life. She does not stay within her gender role of remaining in the house, but goes out to work. In contrast, Johnny is unable to be as flexible and his stubbornness in keeping within his gender role and his own idea of his responsibility to his family eventually destroys him ii. Betty Smith does not judge Johnny in her novel, but rather portrays him as a sympathetic and highly likeable, but he is a conflicted and ultimately tragic character. V. Conclusion paragraph a. In the patriarchal society of the early 1900’s that Betty Smith describes in her book â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn†, it would seem logical if women did not fair as well as men in times of difficulty. After all women had fewer rights. They could not vote or get the same wages as men i. By going against gender stereotypes, Katie is able to persevere and overcome poverty, while her husband, Johnny Nolan, who tries to follow them, is defeated iii. In 2012 many women have broken gender boundaries; Hilary Clinton is Secretary of state, Lady Gaga and Beyonce are millionaires and international pop stars. Men too have broken out of gender stereotypes for it is socially acceptable for men to work at home and even earn less than women. In â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn, â€Å" however, Betty Smith captures a world, gone now, in which strict gender roles defined a person’s life. But for immigrants, trying to make a start in America, the need to adapt and go against these gender roles was critical.

Child abuse research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Child abuse research paper - Essay Example The definition has expanded through the years as it came to cover physical injury to physical assault, neglect, emotional abuse, and coercive sexual activity. Statistics speaks about this grim situation: in 2002, 896,000 cases of child abuse and neglect were substantiated across 50 states and that according to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, about 81% of these cases were perpetuated by parents. (Runyon et al. 2006, p. 23) These kinds of reports, however, do not necessarily reflect the actual incidence of child abuse because the figures may still be higher as many cases of abuse are still estimated to be unreported. The gravity of the situation is highlighted by the fact that child abuse is one of the five leading causes of childhood death in the United States today. (Mankiller 1999, p. 87) The answer is quite complicated to the question why parents abuse their children. There are several dimensions to the issue. For example, mothers are more prone to maltreat their children than fathers or that substance abuse contribute to the emergence of child abuse, among others. These variables, however underscore the need for effective intervention approaches to address the numerous issues in the subject. This paper will explore why treatment is important, how it is being carried out and how this strategy is more effective than punishment in addressing child abuse. In the treatment of parents involved in child abuse, it is important to consider the ecological issues that lead to the abuse. For example, is there unemployment in parents or a maltreatment in the childhood history of the parents? Also, the number of children in the family, the physical or developmental disabilities that are difficult to manage as well as other care giving responsibilities must be considered. It is important that in addressing the problem of child abuse, all parts of the family system issue must be treated. Particularly,

500 words Travel proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

500 words Travel proposal - Essay Example I knew my trip was going to go well with him as the leader. He had this uncanny ability of relating to English speakers in such a way that one would understand the history of a place even before you actually stepped onto the grounds. It also helped that he wanted to know what my interests were so that he could take me to the places that he knew I would be excited to visit and know many places in relation to personal interests. Our first stop on this long car trip was Jerash. A breath-taking city known for its well-preserved Grecian-Roman designs. One can only marvel at the intricate carving methods that were used on these stone pillars which were all done by hand. Entering the city through Hadrian’s Gate, I could not help but remember all those National Geographic and History Channel TV documentaries I had viewed in the past about this particular area. Those documentaries did not do the place justice and showed only the tip of the exquisite beauty that Jerash had to offer. Next on our agenda was a city tour of Amman, the capital of Jordan. I was amazed to see the Roman Amphitheatre and Citadel Hill. I posed before the statue of Hercules at the Amman Citadel and Temple of Hercules. I could have stayed up on the hill a lot longer than the schedule Amir drew up permitted but he reminded me that the drive back to the hotel was going to be a long one. I begrudgingly agreed to go back to rest up for the night when Amir reminded me that we had a lot more sights to see the next day. We visited the city of Petra itself. Passing through the Siq gorge, the narrow passage had walls rising up to 200 meters allowing the tourists a chance to ride a horse or horse cart along with a guide. The highlight of this ride was the 40 meter high Treasury, ancient royal tombs, and yet another Roman amphitheatre. In my opinion, the city of

Visual Arts - Charlie Chaplin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual Arts - Charlie Chaplin - Research Paper Example One of such icon was Charlie Chaplin. He was one of icon that revolutionized this industry in the 20th century until his death. This paper seeks to discuss Charlie Chaplin and his life. The original homeland of Charlie Spencer Chaplin was London. He was born on 16 April 1889. His father was a vocalist and an actor. Additionally, his mother was a beautiful actor and singer; she was famous during this period. Initially his father used to support his family but later he started engaging in drinking spree, and this affected the family for a long time. This was further compounded by his mother ailing health. His father died later due to the effects of over drinking. As a result, Charlie Chaplin and his brother took care of each other during their childhood period. Sydney was the one who took care to his little brother in his lifetime. Their family was ravaged by poverty, and this forced them to spend life in workhouses at their tender age. Whatever they got, they used to support their mot her. Sydney was later sent to training ship known as Exmouth and acted as a steward in shipping expeditions (Milton 8-17). On his return home in 1903, he became ill. Later he found his mother in a mental hospital while his brother had been reduced to a destitute. However, they had inherited talents from their parents and this facilitated heir entry into the stage performance. This made them turn to the theater to change their lives. Charlie entry to stage performance was through the young kids group known as â€Å"The Eight Lancashire Lads† (Burt 71). This stage performance made him popular and a famous tap dancer. Chaplin career extended for a long period. At the age of twelve, he got a chance to act in a legitimate stage show. In the show, he took the role of â€Å"Billy† the pageboy. At the end of this show, he took started acting as a comedian. Eventually, he went to United States in 1910 with the assistance of Fred Karno Reportoire Company. â€Å"A Night in an En glish Music Hall† gave him fame in American audiences (Edna Purviance Web). On return of Fred Karno Troupe to America, he was offered a motion picture contract. In 1913, he agreed to appear before camera upon expiry of his Vaudeville commitments. His success attracted attention of other producers. Upon expiry of his contract, he joined Essanay Company in 1915 (Parish 210-215). Finally, he joined Mutual Film Corporation before he became an independent producer. After gaining independence, he got his own studio located at La Brea Avenue in Hollywood. In 1918, he entered into union with First National Exhibitors due to his pictures. This was a cornerstone for his success in the future. Chaplin had several lovers. Chaplin was married at a young age. His first wife was Midred Harris an actor whom he married in 1918 (Parish 215). Their first child only lasted for three days. However, they later divorced in 1920. He married Lita Grey later. She was involved in various films such as, The Kid, The Gold Rush. She later fell in love with Charlie and became pregnant. They had two children, but later separated in a court case. Lita went on with her life coupled with alcoholism abuse. His third marriage was with Paulette Goddard, which lasted for six years. She acted in Modern Times and The Great Dictator. However, they divorced on common terms. The last marriage was with Oona O’Neill in 1943 (Edna Purviance Web). Though she was much younger than Charlie was, their marriage was for

Case study of the Image Cafe

Case study of the Image Cafe Image Cafà © was founded by Clarence Wooten in 1998. Prior to that he was also a founded of Envision Designs while he was an undergraduate in 1991 and Metamorphosis Studios in 1994 with co-founder Andre Forde. However, the three company did not really last long. In 1998, Metamorphosis Studios had sold to Medisolv, Inc and Image Cafà © was acquired by Network Solution after sever months of market launch (Clarence Wooten, Jr., 2005). About Clarence Wooten, Jr. Clarence Wooten had a big dream since childhood. His dream is to get rich someday. His childhood hobby was playing with computer games. He was so obsessed with computer that his parents banned him at the age of 14 (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). At the age of 18, he attended college to study architecture in Catonsville Community College. During that time he believes that by taking up architecture courses can satisfy his creative instincts. In the early 1990s, many professional architects went back to school to upgrade themselves due to the recession. At that point of time, he manages to learn from the senior architects. After the first two failure of his business, he realised that he did not really understand anything about finance after he read the stories from Fred Smith, Reginald Lewis and Bill Gates. This had inspired him to upgrade himself with a business administration and finance. In 1998, he was graduated with B.S. in Business Administration from Johns Hopkins University (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). Clarence Wooten, Jr. Venture Spirit Clarence Wooten started Envision Design which was his first business while he enrolled for Catonsville Community College. The type of service he was offering was using form and cardboard to model out a proposed building. The company did not perform well during that time and eventually closed down (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). In 1994, Clarence Wooten started his second company Metamorphosis Studios with his co-founded Andre Forde by focusing on special effects and multimedia presentations. Their first customer is Bingwa, an educational software company. However, Bingwa require Metamorphosis Studios to relocate to Princeton, New Jersey and worked for Bingwa. After a thought Clarence Wooten and Andre Forde turned down the offer as they know they are heading for something big (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). Metamorphosis Studios was not a successful project too, in 1998 Metamorphosis Studios was acquired by MediSolv, Inc (Clarence Wooten, Jr., 2005). In early 1998, Clarence Wooten started his third company Image Cafà ©. Back in 1995, internet service began to grow. Many companies had started to create their own companies website in order to promote their products and services over the World Wide Web. However, during that time, many companies do not have their own expertise to create a website. Clarence Wooten knew that this is an opportunity and started Image Cafà © to help companies by design their website to promote their products and services over the web (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). At the start of Image Cafà ©, Clarence Wooten went around to search for capital in order to start his business. What Clarence Wooten wants was $300,000 capital based on $3 million valuation. In total he received $110,000 from 10 different investors. Image Cafà © website was ready to launch after four month of preparation. However, at that point of time, Clarence Wooten had utilised the cash during the launch. He went back to the existing investors to ask for additional $150,000 in form of bridge loan. This time, Clarence Wooten expects to raise $3million at $10 million valuation (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). In June 1999, Image Cafà © once again runs out of cash. He approaches three major investors who are keen on investing, two venture capital firms and Network Solution. This time he asked for $1 million from each investor on a $10 million valuation. Out of three, one investor felt that $10 million valuation is too high. Clarence Wooten remembered Mid-Atlantic Venture Association was interested to invest in Image Cafà ©. After negotiation, Mid-Atlantic Venture Association will not invest till Clarence Wooten perform the required due diligence. However, Mid-Atlantic Venture understands that Clarence Wooten needs immediate cash so they refer him to two new investors who willing to give him the loan at $300,000 bridge loan on $6 million valuation. At this point of time, Clarence Wooten need to make a final decision to look for more investor or continues to fight as all a long Clarence Wooten wanted a $10 million valuation (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). A Business Plan to Manage Clarence Wooten Business The author felt that Clarence Wooten cannot sustain his business is because his venture spirit lacks of a proper business plan. Every business he does he only based on his feeling, he thinks he believes or the investor might all these are base on what he feels. Before starting a business, he should draft a business plan outline. By doing that, he will have a better view on what he is doing. Business plan outline consist of an Executive Summary on the entire business plan. Second, Company Description is about his products and services, ownership, partnerships etc. Third, Industry Analysis base on industry trends, size, growth rate and sales projection. Fourth, Market Analysis on buyer behaviour, competitor analysis, market segmentation and target market selection. Fifth, Marketing Plan focuses on how Clarence Wooten should market his services. Sixth, Management Team and Company Structure consist of the founder and key personnel. Seventh, Operations Plan is about how the company will r un and how do Clarence Wooten produce his work. Eighth, Product (or Service) Design and Development Plan on development status and tasks, challenges and risks, and Intellectual Property. Finally, Financial Projections is a very important factor for entrepreneur. Clarence Wooten should layout how much money his firm needs before the start of his business and how he is going to raise the money and how he is going to use the money. He should not source for investor when he feels that money is not enough (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 144-154). Conclusion Clarence Wooten is daring, creative and smart guy. To start a business, the founder or founders should have a proper business plan. From the business plan the founder or founders will be able to have a better view on what are their strength and weakness is there any opportunity or threat to start or with the business. Fire fighting is not advisable, the founder and founders should prevent fire from burning. Essay Title: Case Study Roxanne Quimby Introduction Roxanne Quimby was graduated from San Francisco Art Institute in oil painted. She has two sisters, one working with AMEX and one working with Charles Schwab, her father worked for Merrill Lynch. During her collage time, Roxanne Quimbys father disowned her due to her father found out that she was living with her boyfriend (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). In 1975, Roxanne Quimby married her boyfriend and moved to Guiford, Maina. They bought a land and build a two room house without electricity, water nor phone. Two years after married, Roxanne Quimby gives birth to a twin. However their married did not last long, when their twins were four, their married broke apart (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). In the 1984, Roxanne Quimby came to know Burt Shavitz. Burt Shavitz was a beekeeper with 30 hives. During that time, Burt Shavitz was earning $3000 a year by selling honey off the back of his truck during hunting season (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). After Roxanne Quimby and Burt Shavitz met, the bond was immediate. Burt Bees is born. History of Burts Bees Burts Bees was founder by Roxanne Quimby and Burt Shavitz in 1984 by starting to sell candle made from beeswax (Burts Bees, 2010). They earned their first $200 during a school craft fair, sales went up to $20,000 at the end of first year (Heather Riccio Hilary Rowland, 2010). In 1989, Burts Bees expanded their production and hired 40 employees to start set up a shop (Burts Bees, 2010). In 1991, Burts Bees increased their products variety. Besides selling candle they have invented soaps, perfumes and their best selling item is lip balm (Burts Bees, 2010). From 1993 to 1994, due to the increase of order they started to look high and low for a new location to expand their product line (Burts Bees, 2010). After a search they have relocated Burts Bees from Maine to North Carolina and dismissed 44 employees back in Maine (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). Why the move? At that moment, Roxanne Quimbly sat down at her new location surrounded by all the unpacked boxes and keep asking herself, why did she move Burts Bees out from Maine? Should she sell Burts Bees away, as she might not need the business when her child grow up or stay in North Carolina to expand her business (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). The reason for the move is due to high transport cost, high payroll taxes and lack of expertise in Maine. In Maine, Roxanne Quimbly hardly can hire a manager to help manage their business, this was due to the location of their business. In order to cope with the demand, Roxanne Quimbly has no time to focus on the management issues too. One fine day, Roxanne Quimbly just felt that Burts Bees have to move away from it current location. She was looking at the map and notice North Carolina. By looking at the map she felt that North Carolina seemed central compare to other location. Without any objection from Burt Shavitz, they did a three days tour in North Carolina and shifted in 1994 (Franklin W. Olin, Jeffery A. Timmons Rebecca Voorheis, 1997: 119-125). Question to ask before the move? Is the industry a realistic place for their new business? Second, can their company do a better job than other as to avoid or diminish the factors that suppress the industry profitability? Third, do they have any unique position in the industry that able to avoid or diminish the forces that suppress the industry profitability? Lastly, do they have any superior business model that can put in place (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 182-183)? If the above answer is yes, then the business will be success. However, if any of the answer is no, this indicates that the company should reconsidering the new venture (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 182-183). Conclusion Before the move to North Carolina, Roxanne Quimbly and Burt Shavitz should sit down to go through a business plan by using SWOT model. Using SWOT model to compare what are the strength and weakness to have business between Maine and North Carolina. Is there really an opportunity in North Carolina (eg. Low taxes and expertise) and types of threat they might face (eg. Competitive markets, security). Roxanne Quimbly should not start asking herself why she moves Burts Bees when she had moved. Essay Title: Case Study Globant Introduction Globant is an information technology (IT) outsourcer in Argentina, over the three years Globant sales have exceeded $12 million. Today Globant is one of the largest independent IT outsourcer companies in Argentina (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006). About Globant Globant was founded in year 2003 by four engineers. They left their job and started Globant when they noticed that there was an increase growth of IT outsourcing in India (Globant, 2010). They started their own business base on simple strategy: Recruit the best local talent and deliver high-quality solution by ensuring superb customer service (Cited: Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). During hiring, human resource focuses on three distinct areas they are: People care, Career and talent development and Staffing and recruiting. People care focus on personnel benefits and work environment. Career and talent development focus on employees growth in the organisation by offering training or courses. Staffing and recruiting focus on attract and hiring in new talent (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). . After seven years of hard work, Globant had become a global payer in the IT industry with a team of 1500 professionals. Globant had also received many awards and recognitions from different institutions. They are: MIT, Endeavor, Global Services, La Nacià ³n, Sadosky, International Association of Outsourcing Professionals, The Black Book of Outsourcing and Mercurio (Globant, 2010). Why Outsource? Over the past decade many organisation are trying to focus on their core business. In order to do so, most of the multinational companies are outsourcing part of their functions out to third party companies. Example: Recruitment, Marketing, Call centre, Logistics, IT etc. In early 1990s, some of the multinational companies start to outsource their IT function. Base on a research done by Forrester Research, by 2005 in United Stated IT outsourcing market have grown to $84 billion (see Globant Exhibit 1) (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). There are many reasons why organisations choose to outsource their functions. However, the most three critical areas are: (1) Cost and time saving, (2) Lack of expertise in the organisation, (3) To focus on company core business (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). Competition in 2006 During 2006, when IT industry reached a matured stated, Globant is facing a fierce competition not only from the local market, they are also facing challenge from giants companies like IBM, EDS, direct competitors and other country in term of cost (see Globant Exhibit 3) (Shingo Murakami, Roger Premo, Ina Trantcheva Eril Yeager, 2006: 234-244). Example: Tata Consulting Services (TCS) in Mumbai, India with 90,000 employees. Infosys in Pine, India with 80,000 employees and more than 3 billion in revenues. Luxoft from Russia and Accenture which based in Chicago. Michael Porters Five Forces Model With the competition come from all direction, Globant management can consider to apply using Michael Porters Five Forces Model to over come the threat (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). They are: Threat of Substitutes, Threat of New Entrants, Rivalry Among Existing Firms, Bargaining Power of Suppliers and Bargaining Power of Buyers (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Threat of Substitutes: Compare competitor products and services and theirs. How can they be different whereby others cannot have any substitution (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180)? Threat of New Entrants: Economies of scale willing to accept cost disadvantage. Product differentiation to achieve product differentiation from others. Capital requirements require new company to invest large amount of money. Cost advantages independent of size, Access to distribution channels and Government and legal barriers require license by the authority before enter (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Rivalry Among Existing Firms: focus on Number and balance of competitors, Degree of difference between products, Growth rate of an industry (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Bargaining Power of Suppliers: focus on Supplier concentration, Switching costs, Attractiveness of substitutes and Threat of forward integration (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Bargaining Power of Buyers; focus on Buyer group concentration, Buyers costs Degree of standardization of suppliers products and Threat of backward integration (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 174-180). Conclusion In today environment, organisation not only facing competition from the local market it is also facing competition from all over the world. As what we see from the case study, Globant are facing direct competition from India IT firms and local Multinational companies. If Globant wants their customers to continue to use their service besides focusing on their products, they might need to focus on their after sales service. Essay Title: Case Study Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC) Introduction This research is base on a case study of Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC). Quick Lube Franchise Corporation was a franchisee of Super Lube. Super Lube was founded by Mr Jeff Martin in March 1979 (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Their core business at that time is focusing on quick lube concept, servicing the lube, motor oil etc. Super lube is also the number one franchiser of quick lubrication and oil change servicing centre in United States (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). In 1980s, Super lube is having some financial issues. In order to pull out from the financial issues, Super Lube sold 80 per cent of it share to Huston, the major oil company during that time (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Mr Frank Herget was one of the four founders of Super Lube. However, during that time Mr Jeff Martin, chairman and CEO of Super Lube, is committed to franchising his servicing centre. Due to their differences, Mr Frank Herget set up his own company name Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Relationship between Quick Lube Franchise Corporation and Huston In 1982, Mr Frank Herget started off with two service centres. Over the ten years of hard work Quick Lube Franchise Corporation grow from two service centre to forty-seven service centres (see QLFC Exhibit 1). During that time Mr Frank Herget CEO of Quick Lube Franchise Corporation was facing debt for further financing new service centres as the cost of land and construction have rise from $350,000 to $750,000 per service centres comparing to ten years ago (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). At that point of time, Mr Frank Herget knew that rapid growth is impossible till Quick Lube Franchise Corporation stuck a deal of $6.5 million from Huston Oil of subordinated debt. From there, Quick Lube Franchise Corporation was committed to purchase Huston products (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). QLFC Exhibit 1 Source: Citied from Case Quick Lube Franchise Corporation (QLFC) Current Issues facing by Quick Lube Franchise Corporation When Huston had acquired 80 percent of Super Lube due to their financial problems, most of the franchisees start to felt discontent. As the franchisor is now focusing on motor oil sales instead of their service centre profit (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Mr Frank Herget did some research about the past relationship between Quick Lube Franchise Corporation and Super Lube. After a thorough analysis Mr Frank Herget request for a meeting with the new franchisor, Huston to present his finding and concerns (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Mr Frank Herget main concern is that Huston is only interested in promoting the core products (lubricant oil) via franchisee chain and not in the area of promoting the service centers profitability. Mr Frank Herget also felt that there is a conflict of interest, as Huston is selling their product to Quick Lube Franchise Corporation as a franchisor and obligated to promote service centre profitability (Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). According to the license agreement it stated that, The franchisee is contractually bound to a system of operation and to pay the franchisor a royalty in the form of a percentage of top-line sales (Citied: Stephen Spinelli William By-grave, 1991). Since Quick Lube Franchise Corporation is paying a loyalty fees to the franchisor how can they also benefit from the core product sales profit. These have goes against the franchise ethics of conflicts of interest between franchisors and their franchisees (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 535-536). Recommendation to resolve the issues Base on the research Quick Lube Franchise Corporation did not violate nor beach the contract called license agreement, as Mr Frank Herget was still providing service as a service centers operator. After Huston acquires 80 percent of Super Lube, Huston should offer a new license agreement to Super Lube existing franchisees. Huston should offer a solution pertaining to Quick Lube Franchise Corporation oil deal and, franchisor and franchisee agreement to avoid conflict of interest. Conclusion It is important to practices franchise ethics in order for the franchisees to trust the franchisor. Franchisor must not have the mentality to get rich by just franchises. Overselling or over promise might end up losing franchisees (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland. 2010: 535-536). Franchisor must be firm on what types of service they expect from the franchisees. Taking the above case study as example, Quick Lube Franchise Corporation do not understand should they be promoting core product from the franchsior or promoting service centers profitability. If the franchsior, it unclear this will lead to conflict of interest. Essay Title: Case Study Indulgence Spa Products Introduction Robert Dawson and Ulissa Moser was parent of Jimella and Angela. In 1959, Robert Dawson invests $10 in Fuller Products sales kit and started selling personal care products in Brooklyn, New York (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 1963, Robert Dawson fell in love with Ulissa Moser and they got married. Few years later they started their very own business by opening a Fuller products distributorship (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 1978, Robert Dawson and Ulissa Moser expanded their business which includes Dawson Beauty School and beauty supply chain in Midwest. In year 1988, their business get better and they opened their first 37,000 square foot headquarter office and manufacturing facility in Chicago. At the same time Jimella came abroad as a Marketing Director (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Jimella was their younger daughter, she was very hard working. At the age of 11 she started to help her parents by selling products door-to-door (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 2000, Jimella launched a new line of luxury product named Indulgence. She was selling along with Dawson product in the start (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). In 2003, Jimella changed the way of selling their products. She took the ideas by using salaried sales representative, she changed the selling method by using multilevel marketing sales model also can be known as direct selling (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Starting of Indulgence Since young, Robert Dawson and Ulissa Moser have thought their children to dream big and never try to take the easy way for their success. Jimella has an entrepreneurial spirit just like her father. The reason why Jimella wanted to pull Indulgence out from Dawson product line was because she knew that if she continued to stay with Dawson, she would never be able to make any important decisions as her parents were still in control. Any major decision would still need to go through her parents. (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). At that time, Ulissa Moser also felt that the product line was going two different directions. Ulissa Moser wanted Jimella to succeed in what she does, however she also wanted Dawson products to continue to be a successful grow family business (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Ulissa Moser had a conversation with Jimella by telling her that running a business is not as easy as what she think. She needs a lot of time commitment compare to working for her parents. Jimella confidently replied her mother that she was ready for the coming challenges. With the support from her parents, she started her business (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Although Jimella was starting her own business, her parents had arranged her to work for Dawson and handle special projects. In return, Dawson would lend Indulgence Spa Products $250,000 and allowing her to use Dawson to manufacture her products (Sandra Sowell-Scott, 2005: 614-625). Road to Success Jimella is a smart lady. From the case study, the author found that she is equiped with some personal characteristics of an entrepreneurship besides getting support and understanding from her parents. She had identified some of the critical issues if she continues to work under her parents. From there, she identified the opportunity and started off with her own business from her prior experience from Dawson. Jimella is also alert in term of running her own business. Instead of having salaried sales representative, she changed to direct selling. From there, the sales representative did not really depend on their basic salary but were going for commission. The more they sell, the more money they are getting back. This can be known as cognitive factors, an opportunity that others might miss (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81). Social Networking is another important factor as a successful entrepreneur. When Jimella was a Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) in Dawson she had made a bold move by firing lazy or unproductive employees. From there she had developed a nurturing family work place, where employees were able to feel long term employment in Dawson (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81). Creativity is also one of the factors that Jimella have. As a CMO in Dawson, she had initiated several operation changes example: direct selling. She also brought in new direction plan for Indulgence Spa Products by using five creative processes. They are: Preparation, Incubation, Insight, Evaluation and Elaboration (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81). Conclusion Jimella is a very hands on person. Since young she had started to learn the hard way of selling. As an entrepreneur, besides having family support, she also understand an entrepreneur must also have a clear mind on which direction they are going. Having prior experience, cognitive factor, social network and creativity is important (Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland, 2010: 77-81).

Terrorism and Morality by Haig Khatchadourian Essay -- Terrorism Moral

Terrorism and Morality by Haig Khatchadourian In â€Å"Terrorism and Morality,† Haig Khatchadourian argues that terrorism is always wrong. Within this argument, Khatchadourian says that all forms of terrorism are wrong because the outcome deprives those terrorized of their basic humanity. To this end, Khatchadourian says that even forms of terrorism that are designed to bring about a moral good are wrong because of the methods used to achieve that good. Before Khatchadourian spells out why terrorism is wrong, he defines what terrorism is, what causes terrorism, and what people believe terrorism to mean. With a working definition in place, Khatchadourian examines terrorism’s role in a just war and shows that terrorism is never just, even during war. With the assertion that terrorism, even during wartime is unjust, Khatchadourian analyzes the variations of innocence and non-innocence surrounding the victims of a terrorist attack. The analysis of innocence and non-innocence is accomplished through revi ew of the principal of discrimination and the principal of proportion and how each relates to terrorism. From these philosophical and ethical standpoints, Khatchadourian finds that terrorism is unjust and wrong because of the way it groups and punishes the innocent with the guilty, not allowing the victim to properly respond to the charges against them. Finally, Khatchadourian looks at how terrorism is always wrong because of the way it denies a person their basic human rights. In examination of person’s human rights, Khatchadourian finds that terrorism specifically â€Å"violates its targets’ right to be treated as moral persons,† as it inflicts pain, suffering and death to those who are not deserving (298). Main Idea... ...l person. Beyond Khatchadourian’s discussion on the attack on the moral person, I was moved by his discussion on the innocent and non-innocent. In light of the recent terrorist attacks on the United States, I think of all the innocents that were harmed: secretaries working in the World Trade Center’s Twin Towers, firefighters who rushed into burning buildings to save those who could not save themselves, and people in mail rooms who unsuspectingly perform a duty that could cost them their lives, naming only a few. These innocents, who could in no way be connected to U.S policy or government, highlight the demoralizing and destructive effect that terrorism carries. The plight of the innocent in terrorist attacks highlights the injustice behind terrorist attacks. Works Cited Khatchadourian, Haig. â€Å"Terrorism and Morality.† Applied Philosophy. Ed. 1991